(A component of the Greek Language and Linguistics Gateway )

Here you will find several types of Greek grammars.

• Beginning Greek Grammars including online grammars of Classical and Biblical Greek as well as Modern Greek plus print versions of two Classical Greek grammars.

• Several reference grammars

  Most of these are available only in print, but one Classical grammar is also available online.

• Advanced Studies of Specific Topics

• An online Biblical Greek exam

Beginning Grammars

Classical Greek (online)

• A wonderful set of online Ancient Greek Tutorials based on Donald J. Mastronarde's book, Introduction to Attic Greek .

  While these tutorials are based on Mastronarde's book, most of them are very usable without it!

• Text Kit: Greek and Latin Learning Tools
  


• North and Hillard's Greek Prose Composition (in PDF format)

  This grammar has been in use worldwide for nearly 100 years. The book contains short lesson overviews as well as many good translation exercises. The entire book is now available through textkit.

• Key to North and Hillard's Greek Prose Composition (in PDF format)

• The Greek Enchiridion, by Elaine Woodward and Marianne Pagos

  These teachers at Boston Latin School have provided a concise handbook to assist you as you learn to read Greek.

Biblical Greek (online)

These beginning grammars are works in progress and are all designed to teach Biblical Greek. You should look at them and determine which is best suited for your purpose.

• William Mounce's " Biblical Greek Summary Lectures"

  If you are using Mounce's textbook, you should be using this site! Even if you are not using Mounce's book, you may find his explanations helpful. They are accompanied by clear charts and visual examples.

• Jonathan Robie's Little Greek 101 site

• Corey Keating's Learning New Testament Greek site

• Jim West's Elementary Greek

Modern Greek (online)

If you want to learn Modern Greek before travelling to Greece, here are some good places to start:

• Filoglosia: Learning Greek as a Foreign Language

Classical Greek (print editions)

While there are several valuable beginning grammars for Classical Greek, only a few of the more influential ones are listed here.

• Reading Greek: Text

  Volume one of the set by the Joint Association of Classics Teachers

• Reading Greek: Grammar and Vocabulary

  Volume two of the set by the Joint Association of Classics Teachers

• Athenaze, Book I

  A new 2nd edition of this wonderful textbook is now available! Used in both high schools and colleges, this reading-based approached has proved tremendously successful. In combination with the Teacher's Handbook, it can be easily adapted to independent study.

• Workbook I, Athenaze: An Introduction to Ancient Greek, second edition.

  The well designed workbook provides practice exercise for each of the lessons in Athenaze, Book I.

• Teacher's Handbook to Athenaze, Book I

  This handbook provides answers to all exercises in the first edition of Book I as well as suggestions for teaching. A new handbook has been printed giving the same information for the new 2nd edition of book I, but it is not yet available through Amazon.com. If used as a support for independent study, a teacher's handbook of this type should be consulted only after the exercises are completed for each lesson.

• Athenaze, Book II

  The new 2nd edition includes significant enhancements to book II as well as book I.

• Workbook II, Athenaze: An Introduction to Ancient Greek, second edition.

  This well designed workbook provides practice exercise for each of the lessons in Athenaze, Book I.

• Teacher's Handbook to the second edition of Athenaze, Book II

• Introduction to Attic Greek

  This book by Donald J. Mastronarde is widely used for teaching Classical Attic and has online tutorials.

Modern Greek (Books, Tapes, CDs, CD Roms)

If you want to learn Modern Greek before travelling to Greece or for conversing with your neighbors, here are some print and electronic materials that can help:

• Textbooks, tapes, CDs, and CD Roms from Papaloizos Publications

For Modern Greek exercises online, see above.

Intermediate and Advanced Grammars

Classical Greek

An early edition of Smyth's Classical Greek grammar as well as an overview of Greek Grammar keyed to Smyth are available online through the Perseus project. John Gruber-Miller has added a review of Ancient Greek. You may also purchase a print copy of the most recent edition of Smyth's grammar from Amazon.com.

• Smyth's Classical Greek grammar (early edition online)

• Jeffrey A. Rydberg-Cox's Overview of Greek Grammar keyed to Smyth (online)

• John Gruber-Miller's Let's Review Greek! site

• Smyth's Classical Greek Grammar (most recent edition available in print)

  Click on this last link to see price and availability information for the print version. This print edition is more recent than the online version.

Biblical Greek (print only)

The following grammars of Biblical Greek are available through Amazon.com. Click on any blue or red text to see information on priceand availability.

• Blass-Debrunner-Funk, A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature

  This grammar assumes a certain amount of knowledge of Classical Greek, but it has remained the standard for studies of Biblical Greek for several generations.

• Moulton-Howard-Turner, Grammar of New Testament Greek

  The first two volumes of this four-volume work are particularly valuable.

  • Volume One: Prolegomena

  • Volume Two: Accidence and Word Formation

  • Volume Three: Syntax

    Volume three is heavily dependant on the much earlier work of Edwin Mayser in German. I do not recommend it, but if you want the complete set you may order it here.

  • Volume Four: Style

    Volume four is little more than a reorganization of material from volume III.

• A.T. Robertson, A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research

  This enourmous volume from the early twentieth century provides a wealth of examples and is in part an evaluation of and reaction to the work of earlier scholars. It's treatment of Case is not widely accepted.

• Wallace, Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics

  This is a recent treatment of the syntax of the the Greek found in the New Testament with a strong focus on the exegetical significance of the grammatical principles discussed.

Advanced Studies of Specific Topics

• Carl Conrad's email to bgreek on Greek voice (in PDF format)

  In this email originally sent to the B-Greek discussion list in 1997, Carl Conrad discusses common misunderstandings of Greek voice and offers a stimulating alternative to the way voice is viewed in many beginning grammars of biblical Greek.

• New Observations on Voice in the Ancient Greek Verb (in PDF format)

  In this more recent paper Carl Conrad develops and updates the ideas expressed in the email listed above. Clicking on either of the links below will download a copy of the paper as a PDF file:

  Washington University in St. Louis

  Carl Conrad's IOA.com site

• Brian D. Joseph, " On Some Control Structures in Hellenistic Greek: A Comparison with Classical and Modern Greek"

  Brian Joseph argues that Hellenistic Greek provides an interesting "way-station" between Classical Greek, which used infinitival complementation and Modern Greek, where finite complementation is the rule. He offers an analysis of control structures in Hellenistic Greek, tracing the transition from the Ancient Greek type to the Modern Greek type. Based on the evidence of these three stages of Greek, Joseph advances an argument in support of the view that "control is not a purely syntactic phenomenon but rather derives from the lexical semantics of the predicates involved."

Online Biblical Greek Exam

John D. Schwandt of New St. Andrews College has developed a new online Biblical Greek exam. If you teach a course in New Testament Greek, take a look at this to see if it would be a helpful resource for your class.

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